Amber, fossilized tree resin, is a captivating gemstone prized for its warm glow and ancient origins. But with the abundance of imitations on the market, knowing how to authenticate real amber is crucial for discerning buyers. This comprehensive guide will equip you with the knowledge and techniques to distinguish genuine amber from its counterfeits.
What are the common ways to test if amber is real?
This is a frequently asked question, and there are several reliable methods. We'll cover the most effective tests below, ranging from simple at-home checks to more sophisticated professional examinations.
The Saltwater Test:
This is a popular home test, but it's crucial to understand its limitations. While it can help differentiate amber from some imitations, it's not foolproof.
How to perform the test: Mix a solution of equal parts salt and water. Real amber, being less dense than saltwater, will float. However, many plastics and resins can also float, rendering this test inconclusive on its own. Use it as a preliminary screening, not definitive proof.
The Heat Test:
This test requires caution. Apply gentle heat to a small, inconspicuous area of the piece using a hot needle or pin. Real amber will release a distinct, pleasant pine-like aroma. Imitations may melt, smell acrid, or show no reaction at all. Warning: Excessive heat can damage the amber, so proceed with extreme care.
The UV Light Test:
Many types of amber fluoresce under ultraviolet (UV) light. However, this is not a universal characteristic, and some real amber may not react. Conversely, some imitations might also fluoresce. This test is best used in conjunction with other methods.
The Friction Test:
Rub the amber against a woolen cloth. Real amber will build up a static charge, attracting small pieces of paper or other lightweight materials. While this is a simple test, keep in mind that some plastics may also exhibit this property.
Professional Examination:
For valuable or significant pieces, professional gemological testing is recommended. Gemologists utilize sophisticated techniques including refractive index measurements and specialized testing equipment to provide accurate identification. This is especially important for high-value amber pieces or if you suspect a forgery.
What materials are often mistaken for real amber?
Several materials are commonly used to create amber imitations, including:
- Copal: A younger, less-hardened resin, copal is often mistaken for amber. It lacks the aged characteristics and density of true amber.
- Plastic: A variety of plastics are used to mimic amber, often with dyes added to simulate its color. These are usually easily detected using the heat test and density tests.
- Glass: Glass imitations can be quite convincing, especially when skillfully crafted.
How can I be sure I'm buying genuine amber?
Beyond the tests above, purchasing from reputable dealers is critical. Look for sellers who provide certifications of authenticity and offer guarantees of genuineness. Reading online reviews and seeking recommendations can also help you find trustworthy sources. Remember, if the price seems too good to be true, it likely is.
What is the best way to clean real amber?
Clean real amber gently with a soft cloth and lukewarm soapy water. Avoid harsh chemicals and abrasive cleaners.
By combining several testing methods and exercising caution, you significantly increase your chances of correctly identifying real amber. Always remember that no single test offers definitive proof; rather, a combination of approaches provides the most reliable assessment.
