Cedar, a highly prized wood known for its aromatic fragrance and resistance to decay, often sparks the question: is it a hard or softwood? The answer isn't as simple as a definitive "hard" or "soft." While generally categorized as a softwood, the hardness of cedar varies depending on the species. Let's delve deeper into its properties to understand its classification and practical implications.
What Defines Hardwoods and Softwoods?
Before classifying cedar, it's crucial to understand the distinction between hardwoods and softwoods. This classification isn't based on the wood's actual hardness but rather on the tree's reproductive biology:
-
Softwoods: Come from cone-bearing trees (conifers) like pines, spruces, firs, and – you guessed it – cedars. They generally have simpler cellular structures, resulting in softer, less dense wood.
-
Hardwoods: Originate from flowering trees (angiosperms) such as oak, maple, and cherry. They typically possess more complex cellular structures, leading to harder, denser wood.
Therefore, cedar, being from a coniferous tree, is classified botanically as a softwood.
How Hard is Cedar, Really? The Janka Hardness Scale
While cedar is a softwood, its hardness still varies significantly depending on the specific species. The Janka hardness scale measures the resistance of wood to denting and wear. Different cedar species score differently on this scale:
- Western Red Cedar: Generally scores between 350-400 Janka hardness units. This is relatively soft compared to hardwoods like oak (around 1360 Janka).
- Incense Cedar: Has a slightly higher Janka hardness than Western Red Cedar, usually falling within the 400-500 range.
While not as hard as many hardwoods, cedar's hardness is sufficient for many applications. Its softness contributes to its ease of workability, making it a popular choice for carving and woodworking projects.
What are the Properties of Cedar Wood?
Cedar's unique properties beyond its relatively soft nature contribute to its popularity:
- Aromatic Fragrance: Cedar is renowned for its pleasant, distinct scent, often described as sweet and woody. This fragrance is natural and contributes to its use in closets and chests.
- Natural Insect Repellent: Cedar oil contains natural compounds that deter insects, making it ideal for storing clothes and other items susceptible to insect damage.
- Rot Resistance: Certain cedar species exhibit excellent resistance to rot and decay, making them suitable for outdoor applications like fencing and siding.
- Workability: Its relatively soft texture makes cedar easy to work with, shaping, and finishing.
- Durability: Although softer than hardwoods, cedar's durability makes it a good option for furniture and other applications when properly protected.
Is Cedar Suitable for All Applications?
Cedar's softer nature means it's not ideal for high-impact applications requiring extreme durability. It may be prone to scratching or denting more readily than hardwoods. However, its other qualities, particularly its rot resistance and aroma, make it an excellent choice for many uses.
What are the different types of Cedar?
Several types of cedar exist, each with slightly varying properties. Some common types include Western Red Cedar, Eastern Red Cedar, Incense Cedar, and Atlas Cedar. The specific species significantly impacts its hardness and other characteristics.
Can Cedar be used for outdoor construction?
Yes, some cedar species, particularly Western Red Cedar, are well-suited for outdoor applications due to their natural rot resistance. However, proper treatment and maintenance may be required depending on the climate and intended use.
Is Cedar expensive?
Cedar's price varies depending on the species and grade. Generally, it's considered a moderately priced wood, more expensive than some softwoods but less expensive than many hardwoods.
In conclusion, while botanically a softwood, the hardness of cedar varies by species. Understanding its unique properties and limitations is key to selecting the right cedar for your specific project. Its aromatic fragrance, insect-repelling qualities, and workability continue to make it a popular choice for a wide range of applications, from furniture to outdoor structures.
