Prepatellar bursitis, often called "housemaid's knee," is a painful condition affecting the bursa located just under the kneecap (patella). This fluid-filled sac cushions the area where the patella glides over the thighbone (femur). Inflammation of this bursa causes prepatellar bursitis, commonly affecting athletes and individuals whose work involves frequent kneeling. Understanding this condition is crucial for effective management and return to activity. This guide serves as a patient advisor, covering key aspects of prepatellar bursitis from diagnosis to treatment and recovery.
What is Prepatellar Bursitis?
Prepatellar bursitis is characterized by swelling, pain, and tenderness over the front of the knee. The bursa becomes inflamed, often due to repetitive kneeling, direct trauma, or infection. The resulting discomfort can significantly limit daily activities and athletic performance. The condition is more prevalent in individuals involved in occupations requiring frequent kneeling, such as plumbers, carpet layers, or mechanics. However, athletes participating in sports with frequent ground contact, such as wrestling, volleyball, and weightlifting, are also at high risk.
What Causes Prepatellar Bursitis?
Several factors contribute to the development of prepatellar bursitis:
- Repetitive kneeling: This is a primary cause, leading to constant friction and irritation of the bursa.
- Direct trauma: A direct blow to the kneecap can inflame the bursa.
- Infection: Bacteria can infect the bursa, leading to septic bursitis, a more serious condition requiring antibiotic treatment.
- Underlying medical conditions: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or gout can increase the risk of bursitis.
What are the Symptoms of Prepatellar Bursitis?
The hallmark symptom is pain and swelling over the front of the knee, directly under the kneecap. Other common symptoms include:
- Tenderness to the touch: The area is exquisitely sensitive to pressure.
- Warmth: The inflamed bursa may feel warmer than the surrounding skin.
- Redness: In some cases, the skin over the bursa may appear reddened.
- Limited range of motion: Pain can restrict the knee's ability to bend and straighten fully.
- Difficulty kneeling or walking: Everyday activities become challenging due to the discomfort.
How is Prepatellar Bursitis Diagnosed?
Diagnosis is usually straightforward based on a physical examination. Your doctor will assess the knee's tenderness, swelling, and range of motion. In some cases, imaging tests like X-rays or ultrasound may be used to rule out other conditions and confirm the diagnosis. Aspiration of the fluid from the bursa can be done to identify the presence of infection.
What are the Treatment Options for Prepatellar Bursitis?
Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and pain. Options include:
- RICE therapy: Rest, ice, compression, and elevation are crucial initial steps.
- Over-the-counter pain relievers: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can help manage pain and inflammation.
- Corticosteroid injections: Injections directly into the bursa can quickly reduce inflammation, providing significant pain relief.
- Aspiration: Removing fluid from the bursa can alleviate pressure and reduce pain.
- Antibiotics: If infection is suspected (septic bursitis), antibiotics are necessary.
- Physical therapy: Exercises to strengthen the muscles around the knee and improve range of motion can aid recovery.
- Surgery: Surgery is rarely needed, primarily reserved for cases unresponsive to conservative treatment or those with persistent infection.
How Long Does it Take to Recover from Prepatellar Bursitis?
Recovery time varies depending on the severity of the condition and the chosen treatment. With conservative management, most individuals see significant improvement within a few weeks. However, complete recovery can take several months, especially in severe cases or when complications arise.
Can Prepatellar Bursitis be Prevented?
While not always preventable, these steps can reduce your risk:
- Proper padding: Use knee pads during activities that require kneeling.
- Avoid prolonged kneeling: Take frequent breaks when kneeling.
- Maintain good knee mechanics: Proper posture and technique during physical activity can minimize stress on the knees.
- Address underlying conditions: Managing conditions like rheumatoid arthritis can help prevent bursitis.
What are the Long-Term Effects of Prepatellar Bursitis?
In most cases, prepatellar bursitis resolves completely with appropriate treatment. However, recurring episodes are possible if the underlying cause isn't addressed. In rare instances, chronic inflammation can lead to thickening or scarring of the bursa, resulting in persistent pain and stiffness.
This information is for general knowledge and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment of any medical condition. They can provide personalized recommendations based on your specific circumstances and health history.
